War Office, Bureau of the General Staff,
Cairo, 16th October, 1876.
(Cabinet of the Chief.)

Summary of geographical and scientific results accomplished by expeditions made by the Government of the Khedive of Egypt during the three years 1874–5–6 :—

1. Accurate reconnaissance of the White Nile, from Gondokoro to Lake Albert.—Gordon, assisted by Watson, Chippendall, and Gessi.
2. Reconnaissance of the White Nile between Khartoum and Gondokoro, with greater exactitude than had ever before been accomplished, with the determination of five positions by means of astronomical observations.—Watson and Chippendall, under the orders of Colonel Gordon.
3. Observations of the transit of Venus, Dec., 1874. By Watson and Chippendall, under the orders of Colonel Gordon, at Rageef, near Gondokoro.
4. Reconnaissance of Lake Albert, 1876. By Gessi, under the orders of Colonel Gordon.
5. Establishment of steam navigation upon Lake Albert. By General Gordon.
6. Verification of the course of the Nile between Lake Victoria and M'rooli, and the discovery of Lake Ibrahim. By Lieut.-Colonel Long, under the orders of Colonel Gordon.
7. Verification of the course of the Nile between the falls of Kamma and Lake Albert. By Linant, Gessi, and Piaggia, under the orders of General Gordon.
8. Discovery of the branch flowing from the Nile near Lake Albert towards the north-west. By Gessi, under the orders of General Gordon.
9. Discovery of the branch flowing from Lake Ibrahim in a northerly direction. By Piaggia, under the orders of General Gordon.
10. The accurate reconnaissance of the Nile between Foweira and M'rooli. By General Gordon.
11. Reconnaissance of the country between the White Nile, near Gondokoro, and the Makiaka-Niam-Niam country. By Colonel Long, assisted by Maino, under the orders of General Gordon.
12. Reconnaissance and completion of the map of the route between Debbé and Matoul, and between Debbé and Obeiyail. By Colonel Colston, assisted by five officers of the Egyptian staff.
    Report upon the northern portion of the province of Kordofan.—Colonel Colston.
13. General reconnaissance of the province of Kordofan, and completion of the map to the 12th degree of north latitude. By Major Prout, assisted by five officers of the Egyptian staff. Lines of reconnaissance traversed, about 6000 kilomètres; seventeen positions determined astronomically.
    General report upon the said province. By Major Prout.
14. Botanical reconnaissance (with large collections of plants) of the province of Kordofan. By Doctor Pfund, under the orders of Colonel Colston and Major Prout.
15. Botanical reconnaissance (with collections of plants) of the central portion of the province of Darfour. By Doctor Pfund, under the orders of Colonel Purdy.
16. Reconnaissance of the route between Dongola upon the Nile and El Facher, the capital of Darfour. By Colonel Purdy assisted by Lieut.-Colonel Mason and five other officers of the Egyptian staff.
17. General reconnaissance of the entire country of Darfour, and a portion of the Dar Fertit, as far as Hofrat el Nahass and Shekka to the south, as far as Gebel Medob to the north, and as far as the frontier of Wadai to the west, with the completion of the map and general report upon the country by Colonel Purdy, assisted by Lieut.-Colonel Mason, Major Prout, and nine other officers of the Egyptian staff. Distance traversed, over 6500 kilomètres; twenty-two positions determined astronomically.
18. Geological and mineralogical reconnaissance of the country between Rudesiëh and Kinneh upon the Nile, and the Red Sea near Cosire, with a geological map and profile, and report. By Mr. Mitchell, assisted by an officer of the staff and Emiliano, with large collections of specimens.
19. Topographical and geological reconnaissance of the country to the south-west of Zeylah and near Tajurra. By Mr. Mitchell, assisted by an officer of the staff and Emiliano. Preparation of the map; collection of geological specimens.
20. Reconnaissance and completion of the map between Zeylah and Hanar; map of the city of Hanar and of the country neighbouring. By the Major of Staff Mocktar, assisted by Adjutant-Major of the Staff Fouzy, attached to the expedition of Ranif Pasha.
21. Topographical reconnaissance of the country between the coast of the Red Sea, near Massowah, and the plateau of Abyssinia, with the completion of the map. By Colonels Lockett and Field; Lieut.-Colonels Derrick and Balig; Majors Duliu, Dennison, and Dïuholy; Captain Irgens, and several other officers of the Egyptian staff.
22. Geological reconnaissance of the country between Massowah and the Abyssinian plateau, with collections of specimens. By Mr. Mitchell, assisted by Emiliano.
23. Reconnaissance and survey of the country between Berberah and Gebel Dobar, with completion of the map. By Capitaine Abd-el-Rasach Nasmy, and other officers of the Egyptian staff.
24. Reconnaissance and sounding, with completion of maps of the ports of Kismaya and Dumford upon the coast of the Indian Ocean. By Colonel Ward, assisted by Capitaine Sidky, and other staff officers.
25. Reconnaissance of the route and completion of the map between Siout (by the desert) and Aïn el Aghiëh. By Major Dïuholy, assisted by an officer of the Egyptian staff.
26. Reconnaissance between Tajurra and Aoussa. By the Staff-Lieutenant Mohammed Igyat, under the orders of Munzinger Pacha.
27. Barometrical and thermometrical register taken by officers in the provinces of the Equator, of Kordofan, of Darfour, and in all the expeditions.

Respectfully submitted,

STONE,
General of Division, Chief of the General Staff.